Hello. Extradition hearings operate under a probable cause standard rather than the higher burden required for conviction. The court reviews whether the materials submitted, taken at face value, would justify proceeding to trial if the conduct had occurred in the United States. Direct evidence is not always mandatory; circumstantial evidence may suffice if it supports the elements of the alleged offense. The judge does not weigh credibility but assesses legal sufficiency. For additional clarification on how evidentiary standards are applied during certification, this link https://extraditionlawyers.ae/ explains the limited but structured nature of judicial review.